AI technology should emphasize privacy protection by minimizing data collection and maximizing user control. Although AI relies on data, designers should collect only essential information and avoid excessive tracking. Clear privacy policies should be provided to inform users about how their data is used. Users should also have the option to opt out at any time, such as by disabling personalized ads.

Traditional views assumed users would follow instruction manuals step by step.
But Suchman found that users actually relied on “improvisation” to solve problems—such as trial and error, observing others, or hands-on experimentation.
Many designs force users to conform to the machine’s logic, while she argued that technology fails when it ignores the messiness and collaboration of real-world scenarios.
She advocated for directly observing users rather than relying on theory, which became the foundation of UX design.
Later, she pointed out that AI systems often pretend to “understand” humans but actually overlook the complexity of real behavior—like the robotic responses of customer service chatbots.

Her research advanced user-centered design, reminding us that the standard for “good usability” is whether technology aligns with real human behavior, not just superficial “high-tech” features.

Egyptian Hieroglyph (Flying Bird Symbol)
A bird with outstretched wings represents “travel” or “delivering a message.”
Understanding the context of ancient Egyptian culture is required.
Metaphor: A bird in flight = free movement.

Combined, their ideas form the core of modern interaction design: using technology to solve problems, but always keeping humans at the center.

Ada’s prediction that “machines could create art” has become a reality. Designers now use AI to generate sketches, color schemes, and even interactive prototypes.

Lillian’s research in human factors directly influenced Apple products, such as the pressure feedback in Mac trackpads, which significantly reduces finger fatigue, or iOS’s “Shortcuts,” which automates tasks to minimize steps.

The main change is that the design style has shifted from objectification to flatness, becoming more concise and modern. The way of interaction has expanded from keyboard and mouse to touch, voice, and gesture control. The display technology has also significantly improved
The core that remains unchanged is the basic interaction logic of windows, icons, menus, pointers, and the fundamental concepts of file management systems.

I think the main areas that need improvement are the excessive software functionality that leads to complex interfaces, making it difficult for beginners to master.

Future trends may include more natural ways of interaction, such as voice and gestures, smarter adaptive interfaces, and interface less designs that reduce reliance on traditional screens. Overall, GUI has become more aesthetically pleasing and diverse, but the core interaction logic remains largely unchanged. The challenge for the future lies in balancing functionality and usability.

I will use the Gestalt principle to group related things, putting similar or related elements together, for example, placing labels next to input boxes. At the same time, consistency should be maintained by using the same color, shape, or size for elements with the same functionality, for example, all buttons should look the same. Using the Fitz rule, increase the clickable area by making the buttons, icons, and links large enough to be easily clicked or touched, Place important elements close to the user: Place commonly used items such as menus, search bars, etc. near the areas where the user will naturally interact.